Boards operate in a global business ecosystem which is replete with challenges, risks and existential threats as well as pressing requirements, new possibilities and unprecedented opportunities, especially for those willing to collaborate with others in assembling the capabilities needed to address them (Coulson-Thomas, 2024d; WEF, 2024b). Pressures upon boards, and concerns they might have, are likely to be shared by others, including those who may have very different perspectives, philosophies, ideologies and values (Coker, 2019). Within the global ecosystem among various international agreements, an ‘external’ treaty such as the